This new book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include advances in birum reactions; water structure modification by different perturbations; reduced graphene oxide/dimensionally controlled Fe2O3 composite; polyammonium derivatives of (thia)Calix[4]Arene; prebiotic origin of biomolecules; intensification of nitric acid formation under the effect of hydrogen peroxide cavitation; numerical modeling of bubble growth in the solution gas drive process in heavy oil reservoir; and photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen from Re(I) complexes.