This volume includes six chapters describing recent advancements in chemistry research. Chapter One reviews the recent progress and future prospects of blue emitters in view of efficiency and stability. Chapter Two examines the composition of cottonseed, cottonseed oil as a fuel, transesterification of cottonseed oil, and fuel properties of cottonseed oil methyl ester. Chapter Three examines the existing body of literature on the removal of various toxic cations by organobentonites in static and dynamic conditions. Chapter Four discusses the role of superoxide dismutase in oxygen elimination systems and the utility of superoxide dismutase in future therapeutics. Chapter Five reviews recent theoretical attempts to address strong electron correlation effects within the quantum emitter coupled to plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Finally, Chapter Six investigates the effect of cottonseed oil biodiesel addition in diesel fuel on the combustion, performance, and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine.