This compilation discusses Aspergillus species, important infectious agents in transplant recipients with high morbidity and mortality rates. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequently isolated species and inhalation of the spores is the most common transmission path. The authors explore the effects of different vitamin B therapies (with a special focus on the complex of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12) on peripheral nerve regeneration after injury and immediate surgical repair. Following this, the experimental models of nerve injury are described, including pre-existing injury, early-onset nerve injury and neurological symptoms, and the increasing risk for neurological diseases. One study focuses on celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals with human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Non-invasive wireless body sensor networks that image the human brain during mobile activities are studied in the context of the treatment of neurological disabilities and brain-controlled prosthetic limbs. The current literature on the potential effects of nutrition for modifying gut microbiota and incidents of both early and late onset non-communicable diseases is discussed in closing.