The chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. Chapter One reviews sialic acids in early life and their impact beyond infancy. Chapter Two examines how prolonged excitation of hypothlamic sympathetic center provokes preeclampsia by the stimulation of expanded pregnant uterus through uterus-brain nerve. Chapter Three reviews the genesis of the new and emerging field of synthetic biology. Chapter Four studies individuals' involvement in biobanking and new ways of doing research in bio-medicine. Chapter Five discusses the impact of IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis after hepato-biliary-pancreatic resection in our population and identifies non-invasive diagnostic methods, IgG-IgG4 serum values, and magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) images to diagnose this entity in the early postoperative period in order to avoid aggressive and unnecessary treatment. Chapter Six examines and summarizes the available literature on burnout amongst emergency medicine physicians and provides recommendations for future work in this field. Chapter Seven provides microbiological and physicochemical characterizations of ground and spring waters associated with public health issues. Chapter Eight examines how abdominal vagal afferent nerves could be activated by nutrients and hormones via the mechanisms of molecular sensing, signal transduction and sensing regions and how they regulate food intake and metabolism. Chapter Nine discusses the major musculoskeletal manifestations found in diabetes mellitus. Chapter Ten elucidates important basic and clinical aspects of malignant otitis externa (MOE) and outlines an updated diagnostic workup and management of MOE in a clear and concise manner.