This monograph includes seven chapters that describe recent advances in medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses glutathione transferases (GSTs) from helminth parasites in the host-parasite interaction and candidates for vaccine development targeting parasitic GSTs. Chapter Two reviews the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of onion and its constituents in allergic and immunologic disorders. Chapter Three discusses state-of-the-art knowledge of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism to demonstrate its wide biological properties and its effects on how medical conditions can be managed. Chapter Four introduces the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of macrolides and the associated mechanisms in the human airway and lung cells. Chapter Five evaluates the role of several genes that are likely to be involved in diabetic neuropathy by employing transcriptome analysis. Chapter Six details diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of nephrotic syndrome, the frequent cause of chronic kidney diseases observed in children and adults. Finally, Chapter Seven describes the characteristics of the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line and its significant role in the anticancer research paradigm.