For thousands of years, different human civilisations have developed on the coasts around the Black Sea. The human population increased progressively during that time, but it is only in the last 40 years that the Black Sea has become unable to cope with our demands of it. Since the 1970's, the ecosystem of the Black Sea exposes the environmental stress factors which continue to modify the status of the entire Black Sea ecosystem and especially the coastal waters, which then affects many of the most significant marine resources. This book identifies the main sources of anthropogenic pollution and the pollutants concentrations in coastal waters of the Black Sea. This book also examines the important role of the multi-biomarker approach in the detection of biological effects of pollution in the Sevastopol region of the Black Sea.