This book presents topical research in the study of the types, petrology and uses of basalt. Topics discussed include basalt-crust interaction processes; examination of the origin of the low-K basaltic magmas of the Shirataka volcano; dissolution reaction of basalt and underground sequestration of CO2 in deep basaltic aquifers in Japan; usability of commercially available continuous basalt fibre as reinforcement of composites with enhanced thermal stability as compared to E-glass fibre and modern basalt fibrous materials and basalt fibre based polymeric composites.