This book presents original research results on the leading edge of chemistry research. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include the science of the repeating disaccharide-composed glycosaminoglycans; mitigation and removal of dye and pharmaceutical drugs from wastewater; lactulose in medicine and the food industry; activated carbon as a support for controlled growth of carbon nanotubes and nanostructures; chromium pigment; membrane desalination systems with reverse osmosis and irradiation, fragmentation and identification of acidic disaccharides.