Citrus is the main fruit tree crop in the world and, therefore, has a tremendous economical, social and cultural impact in our society. Citrus fruits provide a wide variety of important nutrients in the human diet; including Vitamin C, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, carotenoids, folic acid, pectin, potassium, and dietary fibre. This book presents current research data in the study of citrus fruits, including such topics as the post-harvest preservation of fresh citrus fruits; citrus fruits and metabolic syndrome; the control of citrus cracking or pitting; the chemical composition, general uses and pharmacological properties of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) and the robotic harvesting of citrus fruit.