Mediterranean forests provide a diversity of products such as wood, non-wood forest products including cork, fodder for livestock and aromatic plants and game, all of which are important for socio-economic or cultural development and contribute to food security and poverty alleviation in rural areas. But Mediterranean forests also are facing a mix of threats such as climatic change, agricultural expansion, tourism, urban development and other land use practices that are contributing to forest area losses. Mediterranean forests will be one of the most affected forest ecosystems in the near future as temperatures will increase and rain will decrease. This book aims to provide scientific knowledge for researchers, students, local managers and policy makers. The book is divided into eleven chapters covering not only ecological, but also economic and social perspectives on climate change and Mediterranean forest management. The authors provide information about different research projects and examples related to climate change and forest natural regeneration, genetic aspects of forest ecosystems, forest fires, environmental services, traditional markets and social perspectives on adaptation in forest management.