This book focuses on the basics of control methodology as the theory of control activity organisation. This is done using the framework of systems analysis in the logic of modern (project-technological and knowledge-based) types of organisational culture. Consideration of the psychological, sociological, philosophical, ethical and aesthetical foundations of control methodology; characteristics, logical and temporal structures of control activity as well as the general structure of control theory and its components, give to the reader a detailed panoramic picture of modern control theory foundations. The book allows the researcher (or the manager) not only to realise "what he is doing" in his everyday activity, but to improve and optimise this activity, as well as the activity of his colleagues and subordinates.