This volume includes eight chapters detailing recent advances in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One reviews in vitro animal and clinical findings on the antioxidant properties of Crocus sativus L. and its constituents. Chapter Two discusses advances in the possible role of non-selective channels in muscular denervation and dystrophies. Chapter Three presents a standardization of a testicular irradiation protocol in rats and an assessment of the histopathological and morphometric-stereological changes on the testes and epididymis, and vitality, concentration, and morphology of sperm according to a crescent curve of ionizing radiation dose, which is relevant for cancer treatments. Chapter Four describes the classical aspects of bovine mastitis and its underlying gene networks. Chapter Five reviews the etiologies, pathophysiology, and diagnostic work-up of acute aortic regurgitation and highlights key principles in its management. Chapter Six assesses the advantages and disadvantages of different surgical options for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Chapter Seven provides an overview of molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of urticaria as well as molecular therapeutic agents under development for the treatment of urticaria. Finally, Chapter Eight describes recent guidelines for diagnosis and management of various types of urticaria.