Viennese medicine, marked by heavy burdens from the Nazi era, underwent processes of change in the second half of the 20th century that were as profound as they were complex. In addition to scientific innovations and networks, political structural changes as well as socioeconomic, legal and cultural developments contributed to this. The exemplary analysis of these transformations, repositionings and interdependencies is the subject of this book. It brings together more than 40 authors from the fields of medicine, medical history, nursing history, contemporary history, architectural history, ethics, sociology, psychotherapy, art, art history, musicology and literary studies.