Biorefineries are the adaptation of the petroleum refinery scheme into a biomass-based production scheme. They comprise of a number of specialised methods used to extract the most out of primary and/or secondary metabolic products. This book provides new research on biorefineries. Chapter One reviews downstream recovery of microalgal bioproducts with highlights on biorefineries. Chapter Two focuses on small-scale biorefineries. Chapter Three studies biobutanol as a platform for future biorefineries.