This book provides readers with the latest developments in cardiovascular research. Chapter One reviews new concepts and targets in pulmonary hypertension. Chapter Two discusses new directions in aortic valve disease treatments. Chapter Three focuses on how altering energy substrate metabolism in the heart can be used as an approach for the treatment of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Chapter Four analyses cardiovascular and renal risks in women after preeclampsia. Chapter Five studies the impact of energy drink consumption on cardiovascular diseases. Chapter Six reviews fluid management strategies in heart failure patients suffering from diuretic resistance. Chapter Seven explains the effects of macrolides as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on cardiovascular remodeling. Chapter Eight describes methodologies that use neutralising antibodies or immunoglobulins to prevent graft arterial disease.