This book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One reports on how neural network learning is possible in patients who are not conscious including patients in the vegetative state. Chapter Two is written for educational therapists who are working with ASD cases and the aim is twofold. Firstly, it is to raise the awareness among educational therapists on current neuroscientific studies on the autistic brain and its ASCs (and hence, ASD). Secondly, it is to inform how the findings from these neuroimaging studies can be translated into praxiological implications in autism treatment plan design for educational therapists. Chapter Three studies the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients after cardiac surgeries along with extensive review of the literature in this field. At least three types of POCD may be outlined, and therefore tests sensitive to each type of POCD should be included into test batteries. Chapter Four discusses the common types of brachial plexus injuries, local anatomy, exam findings, classification systems for injury severity, diagnostic tests and management. Chapter Five integrates the results of prior publications and describes additional findings and further implications providing indications that these intra- and intermuscular sequencing patterns are referenced to the cross-system relevance of efficient movement coordination in general, interlocking the whole range from intersegmental motor interactions down to the functional structures within specific muscles, as one functional entity. Chapter Six reports on strabismus which is the most frequent ocular surgery performed in childhood and requires anaesthesia that provides akinesia, analgesia, and sometimes ocular hypotonia, to adjust sutures. Chapter Seven studies the poster dorsal medial amygdala (MePD) which is involved in the display of reproductive behaviour in both male and female rats. Further studies demonstrated that it also integrates a subcortical ‘social behaviour network’ with additional, but selective modulatory roles.