One pressing concern that exists in education around the world today stems from the differences in experiences between male and female students and how these differences manifest in academic outcomes. Differences in students' experiences also depend upon a wide variety of other factors, including race, economic status and environment. For example, women and girls in the Devanga community in India face discrimination in the form of reduced educational opportunities and a sense of social obligation to take on nurturing and care-giver roles, whereas male students face no such restrictions. Conversely, female students in Lebanon outperform male students in many subjects, though women and girls nonetheless face significant gender discrimination in Lebanese society. This book presents a compilation of studies that focus on disparities in education resulting from factors including race, gender and economic background in places like India, Rwanda, and Texas, as they apply to elementary, middle and high school students as well as college students.