Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Although impressive progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of kidney injury, as well as in the clinical care of patients with AKI, outcomes have remained disturbingly static over the last 40-50 years. This book presents topical research data in the study of the causes, diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury. Topics discussed include classification of AKI; acute renal failure in the newborn; kidney ischemia and reperfusion injury; pandemic H1N1 influenza A infection and AKI; the role of oxidative stress in renal ischemia; biomarkers in acute kidney injury and B2 adrenoceptor therapy in AKI.