In the modern strategy of development, biotechnology assumes a major role in every country, more so in the arid regions. In spite of significant contributions to biotechnology by the developed nations, the information available for the arid zones is scant. Combining biotechnology and conservation is a novel idea of the editors of this book, who have collected articles on the species of the arid zones (e.g. Camel, Arabian Oryx, Date palm etc.,). The book aims to explore aspects related to the diversity, conservation and biotechnology of bacterial, plant and animal species from arid regions. Having to tolerate extreme environmental conditions, these species have developed unique adaptation strategies that can be utilised for biotechnology and their conservation poses a serious challenge. Research on plant and animal species from arid environments has received scarce attention in most major biotechnology books. This book is designed to bring together reviews from the biotechnology scientists from universities, government research institutes and private sector laboratories, policy makers and industry leaders who are interested in exploring the biotechnological applications of species from arid regions. It is assured that the chapters will represent various developing countries that fall within the arid zone. The book will be very useful for students, research scholars and scientists from all over the world, who are interested in biotechnology, environmental biology and conservation.