The first chapter of this book reviews the main inflammatory processes described for ischemic stroke. In the second chapter, the authors discuss the development, functionality, myelination, pathologies, and molecular regulation of SC motility, further elucidating the significant role that migration plays in the repair of damaged nervous tissue. In Chapter 3, the distal components along with the sensitive receptors and the interconnectivity relevant to the nociception focusing on the modulatory role of the thalamus are examined. In Chapter 4, the origin, development, functionality, physiology, and pathology of astrocytes, further expanding on the significant roles that migration plays in the repair of damaged nervous tissue is looked at. In Chapter 5, the molecular mechanism of the attack of the HSV-1 genome on the cytoskeleton of brain neurons, leading to Alzheimer’s symptoms, and the mechanism of restoration of the cytoskeleton by GMS, are reviewed. Next, the main evidence in literature in order to better understand and define the risks for patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures and taking aspirin is defined. The most common neurosurgical procedures are reviewed, elective or in emergency, summarizing the most important and recent literature evidence about the topic. The authors also try to collect and describe data not only about the hemorrhagic risk, but also about the thrombo-embolic one. In Chapter 7, a case series involving three traumatic brain injury (TBI) participants who underwent resting-state functional MRI scanning and neuropsychological assessments at two-time points is discussed, at one-month and twelve-month post-TBI. Longitudinal studies of TBI can reveal important information regarding the reorganization of the functional aspect of the brain. Untreated head injuries can take a long time to heal, affecting their physical and cognitive activities. The chapter focuses on neuropsychological performance and reorganization in functional connectivity. The authors of Chapter 8 exclusively concentrates on the influence of physical exercise on improvements in cognition and memory. The last chapter reviews the effects of deep breathing exercises on stress reduction.