This book presents new and important research in the field of heat shock proteins (HSP) which are groups of proteins whose expression is increased when the cells are exposed to elevated temperatures or other stress. This increase in expression is transcriptionally regulated. This dramatic upregulation of the heat shock proteins induced mostly by Heat Shock Factor (HSF) is a key part of the heat shock response. The function of heat-shock proteins is similar in virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans.