Atrial fibrillation is a common supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular atrial activation without a clear P-wave on an electrocardiogram. New Research on Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Heart Disease begins by discussing the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment of atrial fibrillation. Following this, the authors review the recently established relationship of atrial fibrillation with endurance sports activities in middle-aged athletes, connecting findings from various evidence in order to investigate this phenomenon since the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation in middle-aged athletes is still unclear. Also explored are the associations between cerebrovascular risk factors and abnormal carotid and transcranial Doppler sonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in individuals aged between 44 and 71 years without preceding neurological and psychiatric disorders. The association between perceived occupational noise exposure and hypertension among hospital nurses is examined, as hospital noise pollution is increasing worldwide. The concluding study aims to update and extend the existing burden of disease calculations by the WHO for road traffic noise-attributed myocardial infarction and stroke. All analyses were limited to 24 European countries and the year 2012.