This book explores the concept of human presence in the Persian Gulf, discussing the subsequent impacts of anthropogenic activities on its marine ecosystems. The authors discuss how identifying sediment components and minerals in the bottom deposits of the northern part of the Persian Gulf and its inlet rivers may be a useful key for determining the source of sedimentary particles and the evolution of the sedimentary basin. The closing study explores the ambiguity in the accurate identification of Pleistocene sedimentary facies, from the standpoint of depositional environment and organic elements in both Kish and Qeshm islands.