Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are institutions that provide loans and grants to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. Congressional interest in the MDBs has increased since the outbreak of the current global financial crisis. Following the crisis, the MDBs ramped up financial assistance to developing countries, and each of the MDBs has requested increased funding from their member states to increase lending to middle-income countries. This book explores the history of the MDBs, their operations, major donor contributions, their organisation, and debates the effectiveness of MDB financial assistance.