The study of sonochemistry is concerned with understanding the effect of sonic waves and wave properties on chemical systems. The chemical effects of ultrasound do not come from a direct interaction with molecular species. Instead, sonochemistry arises from acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid. This is demonstrated in phenomena such as ultrasound, sonication, sonoluminescence, and sonic cavitation. This book reviews research data in the study of sonochemistry including the application of sonochemistry for the synthesis of various nano-structured materials, ultrasound irradiation in pinacol coupling of carbonyl compounds, ultrasound and hydrophobic interactions in solutions, as well as the use of ultrasound to enhance anticancer agents in sonochemotherapy and the ultrasound-enhanced synthesis and chemical modification of fullerenes.