In this handbook, the authors present current research in the study of the biological activity, classification and health and environmental implica...

In the first chapter of the book, the immunotoxicological risk arising from xenogenous substances is emphasised. Immunotoxicology investigates unwa...

Pests are defined purely from anthropocentric perspective. An organism is not considered a pest until its activities and life processes interfere w...

The intense application of chemicals in different crops has created many complications among which the development of resistance to pesticides in i...