Energy is a crucial factor for economic growth. The constant demand for energy resources has triggered the development of funding projects around the world. This, in turn, has put considerable pressure on both natural sources and the environment. Since the effective implementation of human rights depends on a clean and healthy environment, this work aims to use various examples to demonstrate that energy resource extraction has a negative impact on important ecological conditions for the effective exercise of human rights. In the light of the case law of international human rights courts, this work shows that the courts have relied on environmental principles and norms to prevent environmental damage and to ensure the protection of human rights.