Graphene is an ultimately monolayer material with single-atom thickness. It possesses many fascinating properties including massless Dirac electronic structure, extraordinary high electron mobility, thermal conductivity, stiffness and strength, and large surface volume ratio etc. This edited book is organised into two parts. The first part focuses on the electronic and mechanical properties of graphene materials. The second part of this book covers the application aspect of graphene and related materials. Graphene is a simple material, but also a building block for very complicated applications. The approach to understand the role of graphene and related materials in these fields relies not only on individual research by scientists in their own fields but also, on interdisciplinary cross-talk, as we present here in this book.