A wide variety of materials are used in automotive parts, and most of them are mechanical components. Steels are most widely used for the power train and automotive body construction, and the materials and their processing have been steadily improved. The use of aluminium alloys and polymeric materials have been contributed to the reduction in fuel consumption rates due to the lightweight nature. This book reviews research on material and automotive technologies, as well as how materials work for technological innovations, with particular emphasis placed on the relation between materials science and the performance of automobiles.