In this book, the authors gather and present current research in the study of carbon materials, from across the globe. Topics discussed include luminescent carbon nanomaterials properties and applications; structured carbon materials for application as catalysts and sorbents for improved energy production; activated carbons from wooden precursors reveal anisotropic behaviours in the carbon skeleton; nitrogen containing carbon materials and its application in electrocatalysis; potassium catalyzed degradation of wood under nitrogen and air.