As part of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), as amended, Congress enacted the "individual mandate", which requires certain individuals to have a minimum level of health insurance. Individuals who fail to do so may be subject to a monetary penalty, administered through the tax code. Prior to ACA, Congress had never required individuals to buy health insurance, and there had been significant debate over whether the individual mandate was within the scope of Congress's legislative powers. This book provides an overview of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care ACT (ACA), the Supreme Court and the constitutionality of the "individual mandate".