This book provides readers with the latest developments in neuroscience research. Chapter One discusses clinical exploration and manipulation of the neural networks and structural lesions of the human brain. Chapter Two studies the role of theta and gamma oscillations in working memory capacity. Chapter Three examines the potential usage of plastic clips in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. Chapter Four reviews avulsion-induced motoneuron death and discusses different strategies to facilitate survival of motoneurons following spinal root avulsion. Chapter Five discusses spatial patterns of phosphorylated TDP-43-immunoreactive cellular inclusions in familial and sporadic frontotemporal labor degeneration with TDP-43 proteinopathy. Chapter Six reviews neuropathological aspects of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Chapter Seven identifies the frequency, clinical symptoms, urodynamic findings, putrative underlying pathology, and management of meningitis‒retention syndrome (MRS). Chapter Eight provides an update on clinical features, lesion topography, and prognosis of pure motor monoparesis (PMM) due to ischemic stroke. The final chapter discusses strokes associated with nephrotic syndrome.