Heparin has been widely used in the medical community as an anti-coagulant. More recently, heparin has been shown to possess other biologically and medically relevant characteristics such as modulation of cell proliferation, inflammation, and cytokine production. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the properties, uses and side effects of heparin, including the pharmacology of oral heparin; the possible antimetastatic, anti-inflammatory, and suppression of membrane vesiculation effect of heparin; heparin monitoring; searching for heparin binding patterns and heparin-related nanomaterials.