This book offers a review of current theoretical and research perspectives regarding neuroticism and its impact on job performance and health outcomes. The aim is continuing to stimulate the reflection on neuroticism at both theoretical and intervention levels. The volume presents researches and perspectives about neuroticism with a focus on organisational contexts, addressed to widen the horizon regarding neuroticism and its associations in job performance and health outcomes. Concerning the research in organisational contexts, neuroticism is considered in relation to job satisfaction, workaholism, organisational and emotional intelligence, health risks, prevention in organisations, and promotion of workers’ strengths in the first part of the volume. In the second part, they are reflections relative to: physiological correlates of neuroticism, relations between neuroticism and extraversion in different contexts, associations of neuroticism with innovative and adaptive outcomes (for example, flourishing and Intrapreneurial Self-Capital, and career outcomes), and concluding with the importance of continuing to study neuroticism in a cross cultural perspective. The hope is that this book can really help to enhance the study of neuroticism, its characteristics, and the impact it possesses on job performance and health outcomes. The volume constitutes an aid to the valorisation and protection of human resources. Its goal is giving a real contribution to favor both the performance and well-being of workers, promoting organisational productivity, business success, well-being and healthy environments in organisations.