Cardiovascular disease has evolved into an epidemic health concern. During the past decades, considerable effort has been made to develop novel and safer therapeutic options. Gene therapy has offered much renewed hope and instigated the present book. For the treatment of cardiovascular disease gene therapy has risen to an interesting and important point of view of curing disease. Although most of the studies are still experimental beneath a well defined number of clinical studies, more and more studies are designed to be carried out in humans. Based on a rich compilation of scientific as well as clinical studies around the world, this book gives insights into the general principles of gene transfer as well as therapeutic strategies including stem cell therapy as an alternative approach to gene therapy.