In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the anatomy, functions, and disorders of the thalamus. Topics discussed include the current use of stereotactic thalamic surgeries that modulate neural activities; innvervation of anterior thalamic nuclei by mammillothalamic tract during perinatal development; thalamic stroke; complex pathology in the thalamus following cerebral ischemia; giantic calyciform synapses in the nucleus reticularis thalami and thalamic changes in temporal lobe epilepsy.