In the opening chapter, the authors focus on the current understanding of mechanisms regulating retinotopic axonal projection within the retina, optic nerve, and optic chiasm during visual system development. The second chapter discusses the histopathologic features of meningiomas arising in the optic nerve sheath. The closing chapter intends to analyse evidence supporting the neuroprotective effect of two different strategies: the exposure to enriched environments and a treatment with melatonin, a very safe compound for human use.