Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a clinical syndrome (or disorder) marked by the recurrent attacks of vertigo or dizziness, provoked by lying down or turning over in the supine position (i.e. when the head changes position in relation to the vector of gravity). It is the most frequent vestibular syndrome, with a lifetime prevalence of 10% by the age of 80. The clinician who deals with vertiginous patients ought to be familiar with this disorder. The general practitioner should be able to suspect BPPV from the history of the patient in order to refer the patient correctly and save unnecessary time as well as costs for the patient. This book is a relatively brief, but accurate approach to the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV. It is accompanied by high quality color figures of the most principal diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers, so that they can be understood by clinicians and physiotherapists of both advanced and basic levels of knowledge for the topic. Figures of the maneuvers are accompanied by 3D and 2D (where appropriate) illustrations of the labyrinth with semicircular canals and otoconia placement in the lumen of the affected canal; through this way, pathophysiology becomes evident to the reader. A brief, but comprehensive report of treatment maneuvers is introduced by the most recent and reliable researchers is provided. Chapter Six is focused on the most principal evidence based data. Special care has been given to the chapter on differential diagnosis of BPPV, because clinical entities that can manifest with symptoms mimicking BPPV can also be associated with true BPPV. Clinical occurrences are also discussed, based on abundant literature references. This is a truly unique effort to offer the reader a detailed approach to these delicate clinical matters, which are not routinely reported with such clarity, accuracy and detail. Another practical issue of premium importance is failure of treatment and further measures. Up-to-date information is also provided in this last chapter. This book has been an effort to offer specialized knowledge — both at a basic and advanced level — in a clear, structured and pleasant-to-read presentation.