This compilation provides a brief overview of proteomic techniques used in acute leukaemia, including the high-throughput reverse phase protein array, which will highlight the importance of measuring proteins. Following this, the authors discuss the molecular mechanism of oseltamivir and the advantages and disadvantages of using it. Proteomics- and transcriptomics-based alternatives to oseltamivir are described as well. Additionally, the most recent research studies aiming to identify biomarkers for the early prediction of spontaneous preterm labour using mass spectrometry-based proteomics are reviewed. In order to understand the mechanisms of efficient degradation of lignocellulosic biomass, a comprehensive analysis of carbohydrate-degrading and metabolic enzymes is required. As such, the authors summarize a proteome analysis of C. cellulovorans cultured with different carbon sources, and provide some insights as to how C. cellulovorans optimises diverse enzymes depending on carbon sources. The concluding chapter focuses on comparative fluorescence gel electrophoresis, which was invented in 2009 and has since then become the prime method for reproducible coordinate assignment in two-dimensional protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.