In this compilation, the authors provide an overview of the various thermochemical routes for the conversion of triglycerides to biofuels, which mainly includes transesterification, thermal and catalytic cracking, and hydrodeoxygenation. Severe hypertriglyceridemia, defined as serum triglyceride levels more than 1000 mg/dL, is discussed in detail. This condition is a rare occurrence, but up to one fifth of this group with severe hypertriglyceridemia may develop acute hypertryglyceridemic pancreatitis. Available data is reviewed in an effort to evaluate the usefulness of the triglyceride-to-glucose index, and determine whether triglycerides directly contribute to the development of metabolic glucose disorders.