This book examines information regarding the influence of Ichfan-10 and Phenozan on the content of two apoptotic proteins in the blood and the spleen of mice. Particular attention is placed on the perspectives of different types of polymer nanocomposite applications as engineering materials; structural analysis of nanocomposites polymer/organoclay microhardness; disturbance of oxidative homeostasis in blood of patients with mental diseases; quenching of SYBRGreen fluorescence on DNA matrix by Au nanoparticles; biodegradation of the films of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and its blends in soil and water and biodegradable polymer composites based on polyolefin and natural polymers.