Changes in temperature, either hot or cold, is sensed through direct activation of members of the temperature-sensitive transient release potential (TRP) ion channel superfamily, the so-called "thermoTRPs". Of the 28 TRP channels discovered today, seven sense hot or warm temperatures whereas two are activated by cold. Together, these channels cover a wide temperature range with extremes that fall between 10 C and 53 C. This new and unique book reviews research on TRP channels and their relation to health and disease.