This book provides new research on the design, applications and research insights of heterogeneous catalysts. Chapter One discusses the assembly of nanocatalytic structures by the molecular layer epitaxy method. Chapter Two presents a comprehensive review of different solid acids used for biodiesel synthesis. Chapter Three examines process optimization of refined palm oil biodiesel production using calcium methoxide obtained from quick lime as a heterogeneous catalyst. Chapter Four studies the cyclization of pseudoionone over USY zeolites.