Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials, consisting of inorganic metal nodes and organic linkers. These materials possess many merits, such as light weight, high specific surface areas, well-defined porosities and open site structures. The first chapter of this book focuses on the major breakthroughs of MOFs reported to date for nanomedicine applications followed by a short commentary addressing deficient areas in the field and the future direction of MOF based therapeutics. Chapter Two provides an overview of the current state of MOFs in solid–phase microextraction (SPME) together with future expectations in the field. Chapter Three reviews the methods used to fabricate MOFs and discusses the use of MOFs in sensor development. The last chapter focuses on newly emerging MOFs, MOFs-supported and MOFs-derived materials. It discusses the recent progress of preparation and applications of these MOF-based materials in the electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and/or oxygen evolution reaction (OER).