This book presents original research results on the leading edge of physics. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics included in this compilation include the technology and application of solitons, optical lithography for the fabrication of MEMs sensors; the direct empirical basis of quantum mechanics and the modern perspective; the physical origin and basic attributes of mass, charge and spin; complex dynamics in Josephson Junction systems and chlorine radioisotopes produced in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic-ray slow negative muons.