Before 1970, scientific research in swimming was poor and anecdotal, and the improvements of performance were linked firstly to the swimmer's experience and, secondly, as a result of permanent research for speed. Before and after the Second World War, scientific studies were conducted by pioneers and marked the beginning of research in stroke mechanics and swimming physiology exercise. This book reviews research on the body of knowledge available for the improvement of sports coaching and training practice in swimming, which seems to be relevant, numerous, and diversified enough to help swimming coaches bridge the gap between theory and practice.