Humanity is facing a colossal problem due to a population explosion and the relentless exploitation of natural resources. Biotechnology is one of the most cutting edge fields of technology, which has the prospective to address some of the world’s paramount challenges, such as feeding a rising population and offering novel alternatives to our limited natural resources. The ultimate objective of biotechnology is to meet human requirements in order to improve our quality of life. Due to progressive and comprehensive research and development, the prominence of biotechnology has come into existence. It is widely used in agriculture, medicine, engineering, science, technology and other forms of applications, and can be harnessed as a panacea for the problems of mankind. Apart from the research in the field concerning transgenic animals and plants, use of various microorganism derived products in microbiology has changed the way biotic and abiotic components of the Earth interact. This book shows how the use of biotechnology is evolving and expanding, highlighting the methods that can prove to positively affect our future and planet.