A revolution is unfolding in vermiculture studies (rearing of useful earthworms species) for multiple uses in environmental protection and sustainable development. The global scientific community is searching for a technology which should be 'economically cheaper' (to be afforded by all nations), 'environmentally sustainable' (friendly to the environment) and 'socially acceptable' (beneficial to the society). Vermiculture Biotechnology with the use of earthworms combines all these virtues together. Vermiculture (rearing of earthworms) is a 'big business' today and they are also helping in 'employment generation' and 'poverty eradication programs' in several developing countries. This book reviews research on earthworms and how they promise to provide cheaper solutions to several social, economic and environmental problems of human society.