A nanoparticle (which historically has included nanopowder, nanoclusters, and nanocrystals) is a small particle with at least one dimension less than 100 mm. A nanoparticle is an amorphous or semicrystalline zero dimensional (OD)nano structure with at least one dimension between 10 and 100nm and a relatively large size dispersion. Nanoparticle research is currently an area of intense scientific research, due to a wide variety of potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. This book provides leading-edge research from around the globe in this field.