Microbiology as a science has expanded by leaps and bounds in the past few decades due to advancements in sophisticated instrumentation and recombinant DNA technology which added new dimension and revealed the understanding of the subject at a molecular level. This has resulted in the emergence of several applications of this domain. This book have been complied with the help of leading Microbiologists from India and other countries with an objective of providing current developments in the field of Microbiology. This book will be useful for under and postgraduate students, academicians, researchers and laboratory personnel from disciplines like Microbiology, Biochemistry, Veterinary Science, Medicine, Pharmacy, Agriculture, Food Science, Environmental Science, Industrial Microbiology and other allied Biological Sciences.